Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and complex health issue that affects approximately 2.2–26.0% of women of reproductive age worldwide. This condition not only impairs fertility but also poses long-term health risks, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. The intricate connection between PCOS and nutritional factors presents a unique challenge, as dietary habits significantly influence the severity and progression of PCOS. Despite the known impact of nutrition, there remains a gap in comprehensive dietary management tailored to PCOS, highlighting the need for specialized approaches. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of PCOS, elucidating its etiology and symptoms and the intricate relationship between PCOS and nutrition. Emphasis is placed on the role of dietary management as a key component of the therapeutic approach for PCOS. This chapter explores various dietary strategies and their potential to mitigate symptoms, improve fertility outcomes, and address common comorbidities, such as insulin resistance and obesity. The narrative synthesizes current research findings, offering practical guidelines for nutritional interventions tailored to the unique needs of women with PCOS. Future research on PCOS should focus on understanding the interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors with nutrition. The use of AI and machine learning to develop personalized dietary plans is promising. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the long-term impact of dietary interventions. Investigating the role of the gut microbiome in PCOS and dietary modulation offers potential for new treatments. Integrating nutrition, medical treatment, and technology is essential for improving health outcomes for women with PCOS.