Southeast Asia is one of regions that has over millions of indigenous people along with their traditional knowledges and values. Even though the peoples are internationally subjected to collective rights recognized by the United Nations, however legal protection with a regional approach still does not exist within the ASEAN community. On the other hand, the member countries often have conflicts related to indigenous land due to the lack of formal recognition over their land and the other rights. This paper focuses on the capacity of indigenous people as a stakeholder and legal subjects in ASEAN, follows by a brief comparison to Inter-American Commission on Human Rights which have adopted the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The study will specifically point on the role of indigenous people in various fields related to national and regional resilience, be it in terms of the environment protection or food security.