The marginalization phenomenon of Shia groups happening after the reform is appealing to examine deeper. In the past, the relations between the state, society, and Shiite followers used to be harmonious and coexisting. They were not prohibited from performing religious rituals. Unfortunately, post-reform inclusion has shifted to exclusion. The current study aims to describe, explore, and analyze in depth the phenomenon of an exclusion act against Shia minority community by individuals or groups through black campaigns in the election. Field research has been carried out in 2020 within the areas with a frequent level of exclusion cases, Bandung and Jakarta. In these regions, there live sizeable Shia followers with frequent cases of political exclusion against them. It is a qualitative study grounded in primary and secondary data. They are obtained through in-depth interviews of Shiite followers who directly encounter political exclusion as candidates for legislators, politicians, or members of political parties. It finds that certain strategies disqualify political opponents through religious identity issues. The strategies are intended that the candidates from the Shia groups are marginalized from political contestation. The political strategy of religious identity issues is an exclusion act against the Shia or suspected Shia politicians due to their close relationship with Shiite figures. Political exclusion occurs in the run-up to elections. This study contributes to provide a broad and deep horizon toward political and religious education, so it brings about a mature, civilized, religious, and cultural democratic life which accepts and appreciates differences.

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The Politics of Exclusion Based on Religious Identity (Shiah Case in Indonesia)

  • Anik Farida,
  • Adison Adrianus Sihombing,
  • Dede Syarif,
  • Retno Kartini Savitaningrum Imansah,
  • Juju Saepudin,
  • Sabara,
  • Muhammad Ali Saputra,
  • Suprapto Prapto

摘要

The marginalization phenomenon of Shia groups happening after the reform is appealing to examine deeper. In the past, the relations between the state, society, and Shiite followers used to be harmonious and coexisting. They were not prohibited from performing religious rituals. Unfortunately, post-reform inclusion has shifted to exclusion. The current study aims to describe, explore, and analyze in depth the phenomenon of an exclusion act against Shia minority community by individuals or groups through black campaigns in the election. Field research has been carried out in 2020 within the areas with a frequent level of exclusion cases, Bandung and Jakarta. In these regions, there live sizeable Shia followers with frequent cases of political exclusion against them. It is a qualitative study grounded in primary and secondary data. They are obtained through in-depth interviews of Shiite followers who directly encounter political exclusion as candidates for legislators, politicians, or members of political parties. It finds that certain strategies disqualify political opponents through religious identity issues. The strategies are intended that the candidates from the Shia groups are marginalized from political contestation. The political strategy of religious identity issues is an exclusion act against the Shia or suspected Shia politicians due to their close relationship with Shiite figures. Political exclusion occurs in the run-up to elections. This study contributes to provide a broad and deep horizon toward political and religious education, so it brings about a mature, civilized, religious, and cultural democratic life which accepts and appreciates differences.