Commuting is an important aspect of urban life. It plays a vital role in how people can enhance their quality of life and subjective well-being. However, from a regional development perspective, commuting is considered a reflection of the high occurrence of spatial mismatch due to occupation and residential segregation. Moreover, migrants are suggested to have a higher likelihood of experiencing spatial mismatch due to their limited access to affordable housing in areas of origin. While internal migration and commuting are often examined separately, previous studies have shown that these two spatial mobility patterns are interrelated. By utilizing data from Intercensal Survey 2015, this study aims to understand the characteristics of commuting migrants, particularly the recent ones, and to what extent their socio-demographic background can explain their commuting behavior. About a third of Indonesian commuters are long-term migrants, while around 14.6% are recent migrants. These commuting migrants are mainly well-educated and work as employees in tertiary and quaternary sectors. This study finds that commuters’ socio-demographic characteristics can strongly predict their commuting behaviors. Highly educated recent migrants, in particular, have the highest likelihood of commuting in the shortest time compared to their highly educated counterparts. They also have the highest propensity to commute by using private transportation. Understanding the relationship between commuting and migration not only can help explain spatial mismatch in employment and housing among migrant workers in Indonesia, but also signal challenges in population mobility dynamics and transportation system development.

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‘Always on the Move’: Commuting Behavior of Migrants in Indonesia

  • Dian Wahyu Utami,
  • Meirina Ayumi Malamassam

摘要

Commuting is an important aspect of urban life. It plays a vital role in how people can enhance their quality of life and subjective well-being. However, from a regional development perspective, commuting is considered a reflection of the high occurrence of spatial mismatch due to occupation and residential segregation. Moreover, migrants are suggested to have a higher likelihood of experiencing spatial mismatch due to their limited access to affordable housing in areas of origin. While internal migration and commuting are often examined separately, previous studies have shown that these two spatial mobility patterns are interrelated. By utilizing data from Intercensal Survey 2015, this study aims to understand the characteristics of commuting migrants, particularly the recent ones, and to what extent their socio-demographic background can explain their commuting behavior. About a third of Indonesian commuters are long-term migrants, while around 14.6% are recent migrants. These commuting migrants are mainly well-educated and work as employees in tertiary and quaternary sectors. This study finds that commuters’ socio-demographic characteristics can strongly predict their commuting behaviors. Highly educated recent migrants, in particular, have the highest likelihood of commuting in the shortest time compared to their highly educated counterparts. They also have the highest propensity to commute by using private transportation. Understanding the relationship between commuting and migration not only can help explain spatial mismatch in employment and housing among migrant workers in Indonesia, but also signal challenges in population mobility dynamics and transportation system development.