Inflammatory diseases can occur due to many factors including environmental exposure, infection and as the part of immune response. However, the prolonged and dysregulated inflammation could be harmful. It could persist over time and hence it could damage a particular organ or a system. To manage the medical conditions developed during the inflammation, there is a need to make use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Many types of drugs are already available to prevent the organ-specific and system-specific damage. However, there are some limitations in the treatment. The target-specific therapy is the major challenge in delivering the anti-inflammatory drug at the anticipated site. To overcome this challenge, nanomaterials could be a better alternative. Nanomaterials have many advantages over other classical drug delivery agents, due to which they are preferred for the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Hence, the present chapter is focused on a brief discussion of the treatment of inflammation, followed by a detailed discussion of the various nanomaterials that can be used as a delivery agent for drugs for the treatment of inflammation. Moreover, the nanotoxicity as the major challenge in the said therapy is also discussed with the various options to avoid the nanotoxic effects.