Inflammation is a natural reaction to pathogenic infections or tissue injury that helps restore homeostasis by protecting the host from external pathogens and healing damaged tissues. It has three phases: induction, pro-inflammatory, and resolution. Unchecked inflammation can lead to the development of many inflammatory diseases including sepsis, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and immunological diseases. Dysregulated localized or chronic inflammation can be caused by an imbalance between the immune system's innate and adaptive components. Anti-inflammatory drugs are critical for treating inflammatory diseases, but they have limitations such as poor tissue selectivity, systemic adverse effects, and inefficiency in overcoming biological barriers. Nanotechnology has grown quickly in medicine since the FDA-approved PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) in 1995. Nanoparticles (NPs) in the 1–100 nm size range have received attention for their novel applications in biomedicine.