An extensive variety of functional nanoplatforms for clever applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine are made possible by the studies of nanostructured drug delivery systems, which enable the development of novel platforms for the effective transportation as well as controlled or regulated or sustained release of pharmacological compounds in the harsh micro-environmental conditions of diseased or abnormal tissue-systems of living organisms. This chapter describes the latest developments in the formulation and development of smart nanocarriers made of organic materials such as liposomes, dendrimers, hydrogels, and polymeric micelles and vesicles, and inorganic materials such as quantum dots, gold, and mesoporous silica-oxide nanocarriers and nanomaterials. Even with the amazing advancements in recent synthetic techniques, the majority of nanocarriers' actions are linked to a number of undesirable side effects that reduce their usefulness in applications related to biotechnology and nanomedicine. This chapter draws attention to certain important challenges in the formulation and designing and engineering of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for biotechnological applications in general and anti-inflammatory applications in particular, because of the complex environment and multiform interactions produced inside the specific biological medium.