With the increasing scarcity of fossil fuels, environmental pollution, and climate change, achieving low-carbon and sustainable development has become an important issue worldwide. As a new type of power system, virtual power plants (VPPs) have shown good application prospects in solving the above problems. By collecting relevant patents on virtual power plant technology, this paper constructs a LDA topic model to identify the supporting technologies of VPPs, including intelligent measurement technology, coordinated control technology, information communication and information security technology, and virtual power plant operation technology. Moreover, taking Fujian Province as a case study, this study proposes development goals for short-term, midium-term and long-term stages and the corresponding implement paths, thereby providing a reference for the development of VPPs in Fujian Province.