With the rapid increase of electric vehicle ownership, in order to ensure the operation safety of charging and replacing facilities, it is urgent to carry out an effective evaluation of operation safety of charging and replacing facilities. To this end, factors affecting safe operation of charging and replacing facilities are analyzed, a safe operation risk assessment system is established, and a safe operation risk assessment strategy of charging and replacing facilities for electric vehicles based on PSO-BPNN is proposed to more accurately assess and predict operating risks of charging and replacing facilities. When initial parameters of neural network are same, performance comparison simulation experiment is carried out with conventional BP model. The results show that predicted value of safety operation evaluation method proposed in this paper fits actual value better, and has better prediction performance and accuracy.