This chapter examines rural road development in steep, mountainous areas of developing countries, focusing on the geological and geotechnical challenges posed by rugged terrains. Key natural factors, such as slope stability, erosion, and drainage, influence road construction. Using Nepal's hilly regions as a case study, the five-zone mountain model is highlighted for evaluating rural road alignments. Zone 3 is identified as the most stable area for road placement. The chapter emphasizes the environmental impacts of construction and proposes strategies like cut-and-fill cross-sections to minimize damage. The findings offer a framework for efficient rural road design, balancing technical and social considerations.