Sustainable road design and construction represent critical components of modern infrastructure development, aiming to mitigate environmental impacts, improve societal well-being, and promote economic growth. This review paper gives a comprehensive overview of the principles, practices, and evolving trends in sustainable road materials, construction, and sustainable rating systems. It focuses on the integration of eco-friendly practices, resource efficiency, and resilience against climate change impacts across the lifespan of road infrastructure. The utilization of sustainable materials, such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), industrial by-products, and renewable energy integration is explored. The paper also discusses the Transportation Sustainable Rating System, providing a framework for selecting suitable sustainability rating systems. It addresses challenges and opportunities in sustainable road construction, including initial cost implications and the necessity for supportive policies, while guiding toward a more sustainable future. In conclusion, this review paper underscores the pivotal role of sustainable road design and construction in tackling environmental challenges, advancing social equity, and propelling economic development.