This research deals with theoretical substantiation of the problem of bridging the gap between the university education market and the job market in Industry 4.0 by creating new professions and science-intensive workplaces. The research methodology is comprised of the concept of human capital development, the transformation of the job market under the influence of Industry 4.0 and the resolution of the problem of the difference between the job market and the market of higher education. This work presents theoretical foundations of the concept of human capital development, which requires reconsideration under the conditions of Industry 4.0; generalizes tools and sectors of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which define the development of the job market in modern conditions; characterizes changes inherent to the job market, which cover trends for increase in technological unemployment and the emergence of new professions and science-intensive workplaces; provides a list of professions, which are peculiar for increase and decrease in demand; outlines processes connected with the adaptation of the higher education system to new realities, which will allow reducing the difference between the analysed markets. The main value of this work lies in the coordination of the processes of transformation of the job market, assessment of the scales and trends for changes in demand for certain professions, determination of the top-priority professions of the future that form under the influence of Industry 4.0, and description of the key tasks to overcome the gap between the job market and the university education market under new conditions.