Pollution of water, wastewater and soil by oil can be caused by various sources, including industrial discharges, accidental spills, runoff from urban areas, and natural seepage, posing a significant threat to human health, wildlife, aquatic life, ecosystems, and the environment. This study investigated the feasibility of using eggshell waste in natural liners to prevent oil spill propagation. Subsequently, a two-stage experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effect of exposure time, eggshell type (ground and crushed) and clay on the adsorption rate. According to the analysis, the longer exposure time and large surface area of crushed eggshells resulted in the most excellent adsorption efficiency. It was confirmed that liner matrices containing clay minerals with crushed eggshells enhance the adsorption and retention of the pollutant. Overall, the highest sorption efficiency was obtained in crushed eggshells with 5 g clay and 150 min exposure times to the pollutant. In conclusion, natural clay liners modified with eggshells could efficiently protect the environment against oil spills or act as a lining material, preventing leachate from entering various areas (industrial, municipal, coastal, landfill, etc.).