In wind power generation systems, most metal components inevitably encounter corrosion issues during prolonged operation. This problem is particularly pronounced in marine atmospheric environments characterized by high salt spray and humidity, posing significant challenges to safety. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology, as a rapid, online, and remote chemical analysis method, offers the advantages of quasi-nondestructive testing and in situ point analysis, making it a promising tool for real-time monitoring of corrosion levels in metal components of wind power equipment. This study employs a single-pulse fiber-optic LIBS device to conduct laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy on metal components of wind power devices, successfully acquiring effective spectral information from both the normal regions and the corroded sections of porcelain insulator iron attachments and tower connections. Comparative analysis of the spectra reveals that the plasma excitation in the normal regions is significantly stronger than that in the corroded areas, leading to higher overall spectral intensity. As the degree of corrosion increases, the intensity of the characteristic spectral lines of trace elements such as Zn, Cr, and Co diminishes, while the spectral line intensities of primary elements like Fe and Cu show marked increases. These findings suggest that such spectral changes could serve as a criterion for assessing the corrosion levels of metal components in wind power equipment, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of applying LIBS technology for corrosion detection in this context.