KQ 12.1. Chyle leakage leads to systemic metabolic imbalances, delayed wound healing, and extended hospital stays. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial, which can be achieved intraoperatively or in the early postoperative period. KQ 12.2. The internal jugular vein (IJV) serves as the principal pathway for cerebral venous outflow. In instances where bilateral ligation of the IJVs is unavoidable, advancements in microvascular surgical techniques present several reconstructive options for the venous outflow system. KQ 12.3. Unintentional carotid artery injuries during head and neck surgery can be life-threatening, potentially causing rapid and severe bleeding. Immediate management focuses on stabilizing the airway, breathing, and circulation. Both non-surgical and surgical approaches can be used. KQ 12.4. Skin flap necrosis occurs when the blood supply to the skin is interrupted or damaged. The management of skin flap necrosis involves prevention, local wound care, antibiotic administration, vascular and tissue therapeutics, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, and split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) or pedicled reconstruction. KQ 12.5. Lymphedema is a prevalent side effect of direct tumor invasion, radiation therapy (RT), or surgical resection, all of which disrupt lymphatic drainage. Management of head and neck lymphedema includes manual lymphatic drainage, complete decongestion therapy, selenium compounds, liposuction, and microvascular surgery.