Currently, the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues are escalating, making the progression of electric vehicles a pivotal direction for sustainable development. However, the high battery price, too long charging time and sparse charging pile coverage restricted the development of the electric car. Electric market trading chaos is one of the more prominent problems, charging pile, battery swap stations, battery owners, battery users, and other market participants have not established lithium-ion battery power trust mechanism, so improve lithium-ion battery energy measurement accuracy is increasingly urgent. This paper delves into the principle of the lithium-ion battery equivalent circuit and its underlying electrochemical mechanism. It comprehensively summarizes the research trajectory in the realm of charge and discharge digital modeling, highlighting the latest advancements. Furthermore, it encourages more research institutions, experts, and scholars to embark on research into online identification and correction technology for lithium-ion battery charge and discharge model parameters, thereby enhancing the precision and timeliness of the model outcomes.