High-performance speed regulation is of importance for driving permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). However, the motor is subject to various uncertainties that can lead to a decline in system control performance. To solve this problem, an improved linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC)-based field-oriented control (FOC) strategy is presented in this paper. Specifically, employing a vector control approach, we enhance the typical linear extended state observer (LESO) control structure by designing a cascaded ESO to track signals, thereby substituting the conventional speed loop and achieving timely and accurate estimation of total disturbances. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses conventional speed control with respect to response speed, disturbance rejection capability, and tracking performance, thereby validating the effectiveness of the approach.