The requirement of sustainable solution is increasing globally with the increasing population. Microalgae and macroalgae have emerged as fertile and diverse group of microorganisms which promise the solution of global demand to sustainability through various applications in algal biotechnology. The biochemical and chemical approach for micro- and macro-algae can be used in various industries to overcome causes of energy crisis, climate change; and can help secure public health and reduce environmental degradation. Several applications of algal biotechnology expedite the production of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, biofuels, and other bioproducts by providing ecofriendly substitutes to outmoded methods. Microalgae have also emerged as valuable microorganisms for bioremediation of wastewater by utilizing their rapid growth dynamics and photosynthetic efficiency. Algal biotechnology controls economic condition of environment by carbon concentration sequestration mechanism to reduce carbon footprints. Synthetic biology and molecular approaches help us to enhance productivity of microalgal strains as well as their resilience. This chapter discusses the collaborative and multifaceted efforts of algal biotechnology in sustainable development.