The semiconductor sector is essential to modern global markets, since semiconductor chips and components are indispensable for both commercial and consumer goods. In the last decade, the demand for semiconductors has surged due to the rapid integration of developing new technologies, including AI, fifth-generation wireless technology, and big data. This has expedited the digitization and automation of all industries. The company that produces the most semiconductor chips is the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The semiconductor sector in Taiwan necessitates supply chain sustainability and resilience for strategic objectives. The review thoroughly examined journal articles, book chapters, and magazines. This study identified determinants (DT) for making Taiwan’s semiconductor supply chain a sustainable one. The research model was constructed via Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). It provides a systematic framework to understand and improve supply chain sustainability by demonstrating their interrelations. Environmental management, resource efficiency, innovative capability, regulatory compliance, and social stability are critical elements of success. The ISM-based model clarifies the hierarchical structure and relationships among these components. This study will aid industry stakeholders in identifying and executing sustainable projects.