Deformities affecting a child’s head and facial bones are known as craniofacial abnormalities. These conditions, which can range from mild to severe, are typically congenital, meaning they are present at birth. Some craniofacial abnormalities may also be associated with deformities in other parts of the body. A variety of factors, such as genetic combinations, environmental influences, and a deficiency in folic acid, can contribute to their occurrence.