The internet has grown exponentially in almost every aspect of life over the last few decades, from financial transactions to healthcare, communication to digital security, and smart applications to Industry 4.0. (Fourth Industrial Revolution). According to a Cisco report from 2018 to 2023, network device usage will reach 30 billion by 2023. With the rapid development of Industry 4.0, significant problems such as large amounts of data, interoperability, latency, and energy efficiency, must be addressed. However, to develop secure, transparent, and immutable smart applications in Industry 4.0, it is necessary to ensure security while experimenting with new technologies. However, existing solutions based on centralized architecture may suffer from a single point of failure. Access control, authorization, confidentiality, availability, and integrity are among the most critical issues in Industry 4.0. Blockchain, which is decentralized, encrypted, and ensures trust across industries, could be the solution to these problems. According to Gartner, the blockchain business value will reach $176 billion by 2025, exceeding $3.1 trillion by 2030. Although the key features of blockchain improve the quality of service for a variety of businesses and fit well into Industry 4.0, the risk of data security and privacy is also increased. However, the blockchain consensus process upholds the mutual trust between peer nodes, safeguarding the integrity and security of the network. However, the integration of consensus mechanisms in blockchain technology presents some difficulties in terms of scalability, security, and interoperability. This paper explores challenges related to the trilemma (interoperability, security, and scalability) problems and provides a survey of blockchain consensus solutions in terms of interoperability, security, and scalability. Finally, we conclude by outlining potential future developments for the blockchain consensus algorithm.