It comprises comprehensive overview of natural nanomaterial application in the field of biofuels. Present chapter emphasizes the various applications of natural nanomaterials in the bioenergy production and application. Basic fundamental chemistry of nanomaterial and their characteristic properties significantly contribute to enhancing bioenergy production through numerous ways, as summarised in the present chapter. Furthermore, we address the ongoing challenges in the field of natural nanomaterial in advancing biofuel technologies. It also highlights the lack of innovative approaches to overcome current limitations along with future directions for research and development in this promising area.