In recent years, the widespread application of Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in industrial transportation has significantly propelled the modernization of industrial production. However, traditional AGVs’ reliance on pre-laid magnetic tracks for navigation poses several limitations, including vulnerability to damage, inconvenience in construction and path modification, and potentially high manufacturing costs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative LiDAR-based positioning scheme. Firstly, this scheme breaks free from the constraints of traditional magnetic track laying and utilizes landmarks as key information sources to provide AGVs with accurate position data. This innovative approach not only improves positioning accuracy but also enables AGVs to navigate in more complex industrial environments. Secondly, based on these precise location data, we can calculate the virtual path that the AGV traverse. This step significantly simplifies the process of landmark layout and accelerates the layout speed, thereby enhancing the practical convenience of the system. Finally, experiments have been conducted to verify and analyse the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the approach not only achieves coordinate positioning and path visualization for AGVs on open paths, but also offers an ideal positioning and path planning solution for industrial transportation.