Innovation, closely related to intellectual properties, refers to the creative activities undertaken to improve and optimise the productivity, relations of production as well as legal and political superstructure. It includes both knowledge innovation (e.g. scientific, technological and cultural innovation) and institutional innovation (e.g. legal innovation, policy innovation and system innovation). According to development theory, a cluster of research and theories on economic and political development, economic growth, knowledge innovation and the rule of law are mutually reinforcing within a coordinated social system.