In recent decades, population expansion and technological advancements have led to an increased demand for water supplies. The accurate evaluation of fluctuations in groundwater storage in Iraq is critical for sustainable water resource management. The crucial part of water management involves gathering water-table data in order to create a time series of fluctuations in groundwater storage. Nonetheless, in many regions, there is a lack of continuous, reliable data, or access to such data necessitates authorization from the pertinent governments. In this paper, the capacity of the GRACE satellites to enhance the investigation of spatiotemporal sustainability of groundwater resource was assessed through investigating the Dibdibba Aquifer in Iraq. Furthermore, groundwater depletion was evaluated by analyzing fluctuations in groundwater levels from Jan 2009 to Dec 2013 with GRACE satellite data. Results indicate that the groundwater elevation can estimate with a coefficient of determination and Pearson’s correlation of 0.10, 0.10 and 0.15, and − 0.31, − 0.34, and 0.38 for each of GSFC, JPL_D, and Giovanni, respectively, when compared with observed data. The findings indicated the continued depletion of groundwater in the Dibdibba Aquifer, and that there is a match between the results based on GRACE satellite and monitoring well data. These findings contribute to highlighting and contemplating the effectiveness of using satellite data in monitoring groundwater in light of the rapid development of these technologies.