Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), introduced by the United Nations, are becoming an important topic and framework of academic research globally. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of Chinese scholars’ research on Sustainable Development Goals using data from the Web of Science Core Collection and the CiteSpace software. The analysis covers the period from 2015 to 2024, focusing on publication trends, institutional collaborations, interdisciplinary research, and key research themes. Results show a significant increase in SDG-related research, with major contributions from institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Key research areas include climate change, food security, renewable energy, circular economy, and the role of education and corporate social responsibility in sustainable development. The study identifies emerging trends and provides insights into the contributions of Chinese scholars to global sustainability efforts. By visualizing these trends, this research aims to inform future studies and policy developments in the field of sustainable development.