With the growing concern for environmental sustainability and energy efficiency, optimizing the energy consumption of buildings has become a critical research and practical focus. This abstract presents a comprehensive review and analysis of various strategies and approaches employed in building energy optimization. The building energy optimization helps in highlighting the significance of energy optimization in the context of increasing global energy demand and the associated environmental impacts. It underscores the role of buildings as significant contributors to energy consumption and explores the potential benefits of optimizing their energy usage. Subsequently, the abstract delves into a systematic overview of key strategies for building energy optimization. This includes discussing architectural and passive design techniques that leverage building orientation, insulation, shading, and natural ventilation to reduce energy demand and also the integration of energy-efficient technologies such as smart lighting, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems, and building automation to actively manage energy consumption.