Blockchain can help platoon management ensuring stability, providing robust privacy protection. Current blockchain-based platoon management chemes suffer from low integration and inefficiency, especially in resource-constrained environments. This leads to significant computational and communication overhead, making blockchain a bottleneck. Aiming at addressing the significant computational overhead of integrating blockchain with platoon management in edge devices, we propose a Lightweight Blockchain-based Vehicle Platooning (LBVP) scheme for secure and efficient platoon management. We introduce a multi-chain architecture comprising one persistent chain and multiple travel chains. This architecture leverages the Proof of Platoon Travel (PoPT) protocol, which diminishes the intensive direct interactions between platoons and the persistent chain while ensuring that the persistent chain remains updated on the platoon’s status. This scheme significantly enhances network performance, scalability, and security. Furthermore, the LBVP scheme incorporates a lightweight consensus algorithm that optimizes interaction phases, thereby substantially reducing computation overheads such as consensus latency, memory consumption, and CPU utilization. Comprehensive security analysis demonstrate that our scheme effectively preserves the security of vehicles and platoons while resisting several common attacks. Experimental results indicate that the LBVP scheme achieves, on average, 63% lower latency, 21% less memory consumption, and 33% lower computational cost compared to existing schemes, underscoring its efficiency and practicality in real-world applications.