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Azospirillum, a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely known for their nitrogen fixing ability. They have been reported as plant growth-promoting bacteria in various cultures. Despite the importance of this genus, the evolutionary relationships within Azospirillum remain unclear due to limitations in the past molecular data. This study aimed to reassess the phylogeny of Azospirillum using recent 16S rRNA sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. One-hundred 16S rRNA sequences from 69 data of 29 species encompassing the genus Azospirillum, as well as related genera including Niveispirillum, Rhodocista, and Oleisolibacter, were subjected to sequence alignment using ClustalW. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method in MEGA 11. As expected, the genera of the outgroup, Vibrio, Esherichia and Salmonella, were distinctly separated in the phylogenetic tree. Interestingly, while all other Azospirillum species clustered together, the sequences of A. irakense revealed a trans-generic placement appearing embedded within the clade of a different genus rather than confined to the expected Azospirillum taxonomic group. This finding lead to a thorough reevaluation of the taxonomic classification within Azospirillum genus. Furthermore, exploring additional generic markers besides 16S rRNA may provide more insights into the evolutionary relationships within this agriculturally important group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

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A Phylogenetic Update of Azospirillum Using Recent 16S rRNA Data

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Nion Chirapongsatonkul,
  • Wiriyaporn Srisuksai,
  • Butsarakorn Ratchapol,
  • Agnesia Frisca Damayanti,
  • Kittichon U-taynapun

摘要

Azospirillum, a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely known for their nitrogen fixing ability. They have been reported as plant growth-promoting bacteria in various cultures. Despite the importance of this genus, the evolutionary relationships within Azospirillum remain unclear due to limitations in the past molecular data. This study aimed to reassess the phylogeny of Azospirillum using recent 16S rRNA sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. One-hundred 16S rRNA sequences from 69 data of 29 species encompassing the genus Azospirillum, as well as related genera including Niveispirillum, Rhodocista, and Oleisolibacter, were subjected to sequence alignment using ClustalW. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method in MEGA 11. As expected, the genera of the outgroup, Vibrio, Esherichia and Salmonella, were distinctly separated in the phylogenetic tree. Interestingly, while all other Azospirillum species clustered together, the sequences of A. irakense revealed a trans-generic placement appearing embedded within the clade of a different genus rather than confined to the expected Azospirillum taxonomic group. This finding lead to a thorough reevaluation of the taxonomic classification within Azospirillum genus. Furthermore, exploring additional generic markers besides 16S rRNA may provide more insights into the evolutionary relationships within this agriculturally important group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.