This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of cataract surgery, beginning with an overview of cataract risk factors that contribute to the development of this common ocular condition. It delves into phacoemulsification, outlining key concepts, including innovative photodynamic fluidic techniques and various chopping methods that enhance surgical efficiency. Detailed surgical technique tips are offered, addressing special situations such as preoperative preparations, intraoperative considerations, and postoperative care, along with patient-specific cautions to optimize outcomes. The chapter also discusses the role of anesthesia in cataract surgery and emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial measures to prevent infection. Additionally, ophthalmic viscosurgical devices are examined for their critical role in maintaining surgical conditions during the procedure. The chapter focuses on a discussion of potential complications associated with cataract, to ensure safe and effective surgical practices.