This chapter provides an overview of orbital diseases, highlighting the orbit’s role in housing the eye and its appendages. It covers common conditions like thyroid eye disease and inflammatory disorders, detailing their clinical presentations, diagnostics, and management strategies. The chapter also examines cystic and vascular lesions, neural tumors, and implications of trauma and infection, emphasizing effective emergency treatment protocols. In the neoplasm section, both benign and malignant tumors are analyzed, along with their pathophysiology and modern management approaches. Surgical interventions such as evisceration, enucleation, and exenteration are discussed, including indications and complications. Finally, the chapter emphasizes the importance of imaging modalities in diagnosing and managing orbital conditions.