Since the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation, there has been a growing awareness of its importance, with more attention and financial investment than ever before from governments at all levels and participation from all sectors of society. In the battle against extreme poverty for the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, efforts have been made to take the assurance of food and clothing as well as the guarantee of access to education, medical care and housing together with upgraded public services and income standards as integral parts of the final goal to achieve advancement of both social security and income growth. This has overcome to some extent the long-standing defect of single-dimensional income indicators and relying mainly on economic development to drive poverty reduction. Through the effort, China has alleviated absolute poverty and curbed the widening income gap within rural areas, narrowing the development gap between urban and rural residents.