Targeted poverty eradication is one of the major battles for China to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. A well-structured organizational setup has been a vital guarantee for winning the battle. Under the leadership of the CPC and Chinese government, and by stimulating the internal impetus of the poor population, a strong organizational system has been established with the participation of multiple players of the Party committees, governments, officials, villagers, society and market as the key components. And mobilizing the strength of all sectors to launch an all-encompassing campaign against extreme poverty is a major innovation in the building of the system, under which the mechanism for policy making, project implementation and assessment has played an important role to ensure the success of poverty alleviation.