China is the world’s largest developing country. Since the start of the reform and opening up in 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Chinese government have attached great importance to development-driven poverty alleviation. From the introduction of household contract responsibility system in 1978, the setting up of top-down leading groups to alleviate poverty at all levels to the releasing of The National Seven-Year Poverty Alleviation Program (1994–2000) and the Outline for Development-Driven Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas for two ten-year periods, one from 2001 to 2010 and the other from 2011 to 2020, the Chinese government has been committed to the great endeavor step by step in the three aspects of institutional building, organizational support and development planning. With remarkable achievements, China has made notable contributions to the mission of poverty eradication and offered China’s vision and approaches to the world.