Green manure, comprising decomposed plant materials incorporated into soil, plays a pivotal role in climate-resilient agriculture, especially within rice-based systems. Historically, green manure has been an integral part of traditional farming practices, valued for enhancing soil fertility and structure. Its re-emergence in modern agriculture aligns with the urgent need to develop sustainable farming practices to combat climate change. Green manure contributes significantly to carbon sequestration, capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide and storing it in the soil, thereby mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the incorporation of green manure improves soil health, enhances water retention, and boosts nutrient availability, leading to increased crop yields. Despite its numerous benefits, the widespread adoption of green manure faces challenges such as labour intensity, need for appropriate management practices, and initial economic costs. However, with advancements in agricultural technology and supportive policies, green manure has the potential to transform rice-based systems into more resilient and productive agricultural landscapes, ensuring food security in the face of climate change. Future research should focus on optimizing green manure practices and integrating them with other sustainable farming techniques to maximize their benefits.