The weak structure of most distribution lines in rural areas, coupled with the frequent occurrence of seasonal and hourly loads in rural life and production, can easily lead to the problem of low voltage at the end of the distribution network, which seriously affects the reliability of the power supply and the normal demand for electricity in the residence. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control based on distributed energy storage has both technical and economic superiority in low-voltage management, but there is a risk of equipment off-grid when the grid frequency deviation is large. Therefore, this paper proposes a voltage support optimization control strategy for rural distribution networks based on energy storage, which reduces the current and voltage drop of power supply lines in the form of “active+reactive” composite compensation and segmented compensation, and raises the terminal voltage to the grid-connected voltage range. As an emergency guarantee program for the reliability of the end of the station area, it can avoid the overload of the storage battery during operation, which leads to the disconnection of the storage converter, and shows stronger grid voltage support capability. Numerical calculations and simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the voltage support optimization control strategy proposed in the paper.