In electromagnetic launcher, the high pulsed current carried by the rail results in elevated temperature rises, impacting the efficiency and safety of the electromagnetic launch. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate high-efficiency cooling technologies to manage the rail temperature rise at a reasonable level. Based on the temperature rise distribution and cooling requirements of the rail under electromagnetic launch conditions, this paper establishes a spray cooling experimental platform and a heat pipe cooling experimental platform using phase-change cooling technology. The experimental results demonstrate that both technologies achieved the expected high-efficiency cooling of the rail. The former can rapidly cool the rail from 400 °C to below 100 °C within 5 s, confirming the feasibility of applying spray cooling and heat pipe cooling technologies to electromagnetic launcher.