In response to the national carbon emission policy, the electric transformation of diesel locomotives in industrial and mining enterprises is imperative, and the control technology of new energy rail locomotives is particularly critical. This paper researches the control technology and application of the whole vehicle for the new energy rail locomotive. The control strategy of the locomotive operation process under different operating conditions is analyzed. A set of locomotive control systems for the new energy rail locomotive under various operating conditions is developed successfully, which has been applied stably in the engineering demonstration of new energy rail locomotives in Zhongtian Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. The proposed locomotive control systems have the conditions for large-scale promotion and use.