Due to the widespread expansion of highway projects, natural aggregate resources are depleting rapidly. Utilization of treated marginal materials such as construction and demolition (C&D) wastes, industrial wastes, native soil etc. in the subbase and base course of flexible pavement can widely avert the danger associated with ecological imbalance due to extensive quarrying of natural aggregates. Several recyclable wastes have also proved their efficiency in highway projects across the world in terms of economic, engineering, and environmental aspects. The main aim of this review is to emphasize the key developments in recent years on the implementation of marginal materials as cemented base/subbase in flexible pavement. Marginal materials treated with lime, cement, and other additives can exhibit notable improvement in the unconfined compressive strength, durability, physical properties, California bearing ratio, shear strength parameters, compaction characteristics, etc. The significance of full-scale field study of the pavement sections built with innovative cemented materials in the base and subbase layers using non-destructive testing methods like falling weight deflectometer and light weight deflectometer is also highlighted in this review.