article examines the complexities and challenges of cultural heritage conservation from an international perspective, with a particular focus on China. It explores the inherent conflict between economic development and heritage conservation, noting that many countries face similar issues, the approach and solution vary significantly due to cultural, historical, and legislative differences. The article highlights the shift from passive rescue archaeology to proactive cultural resource management (CRM), emphasizing the importance of preemptive surveys and excavations in minimizing damage to heritage sites. It critques some shortcomings of China's rescue excavations, which often lead to irreversible loss, and advocates for more systematic management practices akin to those seen in other countries. The discussion underscores the symbiotic relationship between conservation and research, emphasizing that well-planned excavation strategies are essential for meaningful cultural heritage preservation. Public involvement in conservation efforts, both through education and direct engagement, is also crucial for fostering widespread support and awareness. Drawing from global examples, the article argues that China must prioritize legislative reforms, enhance public education, and adopt more effective strategies to safeguard its cultural heritage for future generations.