This paper explores gender archaeology through the lens of Neolithic jade huang, a half-ring jade artifact found in various ancient Chinese cultures. Gender archaeology emerged in the 1980s as a method to address the historical neglect of women in archaeological research. It aims to analyze the roles and participation of both men and women in social, political, economic, and religious activities through material culture. The paper outlines several research approaches in gender archaeology, including ethnographic analogy, skeletal analysis, burial rites, early written records, and artwork, all of which offer insights into gendered social structure in prehistoric societies. The jade huang, a personal ornament in Neolithic China, serves as a key artifact for gender analysis, reflecting the role of women in these societies. The study of huang in the lower Yangtze River region reveals that women, in particular, might have had higher social status than men during the early Neolithic, as evidenced by the greater number and quality of their grave goods, including jade ornaments. Overtime, however, as societies became more complex, the symbolism of jade objects like huang shifted, with items like cong, bi, and yue (battle axe) emering as symbols of status primarily associated with men, marking the transition to a more patriarchal society. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further exploration of gender relations in early Chinese societies through the analysis of symbolic artifacts, suggesting that these findings could provide a deeper understanding of social organization and the evolution of gender roles in prehistoric China.