Since its discovery in 1958, the Majiabang culture—distriibuted in the lower Yangtze River region and dated to around 6000BP—has become key to understanding early socio-cultural development in the Lake Taihu basin. Over the decades, researchers have established its basic chronology, identified diagnostic artifacts such as red-coated pottery and perforted stone axes, and traced its economy based on hunting-gathering, fishing, and the advent of rice cultivation. Traditional work has focused on defining an archaeological culture by comparing typological markers and stratification, cultimating a standardized cultural sequence from Majiabang through Songze to Liangzhu. Yet recent studies highlight the need to move beyond such descriptive approaches toward theoretical perspectives like cultural ecology, system theory, and settlement patterns. These frameworks would illuminate human adaptation to a dynamic wetland environment and clarify processes driving rice domestication, craft specialization, and emerging social complexity. Empirical findings—from plant and faunal remains to paleoenvironmental and lithic analyses—already reveal the interplay of environmental flunctuation and technological choices in shaping subsistence and settlement. Future research must embrace interdisciplinary methods, from residue analysis on pottery to ethnographic analogies for exploring social organization and ideology. Through these steps, Majiabang research can shift from static typological classification to deeper explanatory models of prehistoric cultural evolution.