Abiotic stresses consequential from climate change can hinder the growth of plants and reduce crop yields, ultimately leading to food scarcity. The cultivation of numerous crops in contaminated environments is currently a major concern for environmentalists. Advanced nanotechnology has a crucial role in enhancing food safety by bolstering food production and sustainability. It aids in optimizing agricultural output through increased input efficiency and minimized losses. This chapter highlights the literature and discusses various methods of zinc oxide synthesis, including physical, chemical, and green synthesis. Various physicochemical and biological properties, as well as the agricultural role of zinc oxide nanomaterials, will be presented. Moreover, this section delves into previous research to illustrate the influence of zinc oxide nanomaterials on mitigating the negative effects of both biotic as well as abiotic stresses. The utilization of zinc oxide nanomaterials stands out as a highly efficacious strategy for substantially improving agricultural productivity on a global scale in challenging environments. Zinc oxide nanomaterials possess the capacity to transform the agricultural and food sectors through the application of diverse cutting-edge methodologies aimed at mitigating oxidative stress manifestations induced by abiotic stressors. This chapter recapitulates the current understanding and impending research possibilities on plant-zinc oxide nanomaterials.