Green synthesis or Biosynthesis of nanoparticles refers to synthesizing nanoparticles using environmentally friendly methods and sustainable materials. It aims to reduce hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes typically associated with traditional nanoparticle synthesis. Jatropha latex, derived from the Jatropha curcas plant, has been studied for its potential use in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The latex of Jatropha contains various compounds, including proteins, enzymes, and other organic molecules, which can serve as reducing agents or stabilizers in nanoparticle synthesis. Utilizing Jatropha latex for nanoparticle synthesis provides a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods, reducing the reliance on harsh chemicals and promoting environmentally friendly practices. The synthesis of nanoparticles from Jatropha latex typically involves mixing the latex with a metal ion solution under controlled conditions. The reaction parameters, such as temperature, pH, and incubation time, can influence the resulting nanoparticles’ size, shape, and properties. After the synthesis process, the nanoparticles are characterized using various techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), or spectroscopic methods. These analyses provide information about the synthesized nanoparticles’ size, morphology, crystallinity, and surface chemistry. Researchers continue to explore and optimize the biosynthesis of nanoparticles from Jatropha latex, considering factors like eco-friendliness, scalability, and the potential applications of the synthesized nanoparticles in various fields, including medicine, catalysis, and sensing. Thus, this chapter emphasizes plausible outcomes of nanoparticle biosynthetic or green production from Jatropha latex and focuses on its subsequent biomedical, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.