Currently, agriculture must focus on managing sustainable agricultural systems in the long term. However, soil contamination by a variety of contaminants has made it increasingly difficult to obtain safe and quality food to meet population demand. Paradoxically, human activity itself is responsible for the contamination of soils through different materials such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic solvents, and plastics, among others. They can cause damage to plants, reduce growth and yield, and ultimately affect the availability and quality of food. To deal with the problem of soil contamination, phytoremediation has been studied, a strategy that has given good results. Within phytoremediation different routes can be followed, such as phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, and phytodegradation, which provide different solutions to the problem of soil contamination. The Brassica genus stands out, since some species have great phytoremediation and heavy metal hyperaccumulation potential because they synthesize substances that help in the translocation of heavy metal ions. It has been shown that at least 10 genotypes of B. juncea have the potential to decontaminate agricultural soils, while B. napus can accumulate more than 1000 mg Pb kg−1 of dry matter, which demonstrates its ability to extract heavy metals from the soil. In addition to this, better results have been achieved through the use of nanomaterials that have unique properties, in conjunction with phytoremediation. This strategy, called nanophytoremediation, seems to be an important tool, which will surely have a positive impact in the near future on agricultural soil contamination problems. Nanophytoremediation consists of the nanomaterials that adsorb pollutants and degrade them, and so are accumulated by plants. The great advantage of this technology is that it is less expensive and has less negative impact on the environment than any physical and chemical remediation technology. However, nanomaterials can also play an additional role in dealing with heavy metal contamination problems in the soil, since it has been observed in certain species such as Solanum lycopersicum, which can significantly reduce their absorption. This can potentially decrease the accumulation of heavy metals in foods, decreasing the risk to human health.