Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) received more attention from the scientific society. In localization, nodes with unknown nodes determine their position by collecting the details from different anchors. To resolve this issue, beacon nodes that are aware of their location can be utilized to localize the normal nodes. For further enhancement, this paper proposes an improved optimization algorithm for node localization (NL) in a WSN environment. The main aim of this paper is to optimally localize the unknown node with the help of the improved circle-inspired optimization algorithm (ICIOA). Due to such optimization, the proposed WSN model minimizes the average localization error. After locating the unknown nodes, the optimal path is selected by ICIOA. Thus, the novel optimization algorithm derives the multi-objective function, where constraints such as hop count and energy are utilized. Finally, the validation of the model is done and measured across different metrics. Therefore, it elucidates the superior performance of locating unknown nodes and doing a better transmission process.