Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) are a major global health concern, causing motor and sensory impairment as a result of traumatic impacts or other conditions like tumors, or birth defects. Current treatments for SCI have limited effectiveness in restoring function. Thus, there is an urgent demand for innovative therapeutic approaches to address this issue. Advances in cell therapy are progressively transforming the landscape of SCI treatment by targeting the critical subacute phase of injury, typically 3–4 weeks post-event, to optimize recovery by reducing inflammation and preventing the formation of glial scars. Various cell types, including mononuclear cells from bone marrow and umbilical cord blood, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), are utilized in SCI treatment. The intrathecal route is preferred to enhance precision and minimize side effects like infection or bleeding. This approach has been shown to improve motor and sensory functions significantly, especially when combined with rigorous rehabilitation and treatments like oral lithium carbonate. The strategic timing of cell therapy, alongside innovative delivery methods and combination treatments, marks a critical evolution in SCI management, promising enhanced functional outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.