Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a transformative approach to drug screening, serving as human-relevant models for disease research and personalized medicine. iPSCs are reprogrammed from adult somatic cells and can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including 3D organoids. These models recapitulate human disease features, addressing the limitations of traditional animal models by eliminating interspecies differences. iPSCinduced pluripotent stem cell-based platforms are particularly valuable in cardiac and neurotoxicity screening, where real-time detection technologies, such as live-cell fluorescence imaging and other in vitro assaysin vitro assay, are used to assess drug responses. Despite challenges like protocol standardization, the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases, and large-scale manufacturing, iPSCinduced pluripotent stem cell models hold significant promise for individualized patient models, early-stage disease exploration, and biomarker identification. This chapter outlines the potential of a “clinical trial on a dish” to accelerate drug discovery, offering high-throughput and high-content screening capabilities.