Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically manifests within the first three months of life, most commonly in firstborn male infants. Affected children generally present with projectile, non-bilious vomiting occurring shortly after feeding, often accompanied by signs of failure to thrive. Persistent vomiting frequently results in hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. This condition must be distinguished from other common causes of feeding intolerance in infants, such as gastroesophageal reflux, with a low threshold for ultrasonography to ensure a timely diagnosis. Before surgery, correcting dehydration and electrolyte imbalances is essential for optimal outcomes. The standard treatment is Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy, which can be performed using either an open or laparoscopic technique. Surgical intervention is curative, and the condition is typically not associated with long-term complications.