Neonates are particularly vulnerable to certain metabolic and physiological disturbances in the early days of life, with hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and hyperbilirubinemia being among the most common. Neonatal hypoglycemia, characterized by low blood glucose levels, can arise from inadequate glycogen stores, impaired glucose regulation, or increased metabolic demands, especially in preterm or growth-restricted infants. Hypothermia, defined as a core body temperature below 36.5°C, occurs due to the newborn’s limited ability to conserve heat, making thermal protection a critical component of neonatal care. Hyperbilirubinemia, presenting as jaundice, results from elevated bilirubin levels due to immature liver function and increased red cell turnover. While often physiological, severe cases require timely management to prevent complications such as kernicterus. Early detection and appropriate intervention are essential in managing these conditions to ensure optimal neonatal outcomes.